<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Atomic Parenting]]></title><description><![CDATA[Two behavioral scientists helping families with sleep, challenging behavior, and more. Co-authoring Sleepy Star: A Children's Book as a Bedtime Aid for Parents - Dr. Kevin Luczynski & Dr. Derek Reed. Equal parts bedtime story and bedtime tool for parents.]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ly44!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ec42d7d-d090-4509-98a6-a9068bb93d5e_1280x1280.png</url><title>Atomic Parenting</title><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 09:32:50 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[atomicparenting@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[atomicparenting@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[atomicparenting@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[atomicparenting@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Distributed, Embedded Completion of the Bedtime Routine using Book Flaps. A Science-Based Tactic Being Built within Sleepy Star]]></title><description><![CDATA[The Journey of Publishing a Children's Book as a Bedtime Aid for Parents]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/distributed-embedded-completion-of</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/distributed-embedded-completion-of</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 02 Jun 2026 22:50:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>Editor&#8217;s Note: </strong>Derek and I have never published a children&#8217;s book, and we are doing it as independent publishers. We know that other people may want to improve and entertain the world through publishing their own children&#8217;s book. We want to share our experience along the way. </em></p><p><strong>Children&#8217;s Book Journey Update 02:</strong> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/gwillustration/">Gary Wilkinson</a>, our British illustrator who resides in Japan, as of June is solely focused on crafting the character sketches for Sleepy Star. </p><p>As we wait to review his creative work, Dr. Derek Reed, <a href="https://melindamartin.me/">Melinda Martin </a>(our Editor and Literary Agent), and myself have mapped out the book pages for Sleepy Star: A Children&#8217;s Book as Bedtime Aid for Parents. Important Note: All the images below are for illustrative purpose; they do not represent the illustrations that will be used in the finalized book. </p><h4>One feature of the book-mapping process is determining the distribution of pages that entail a flap that folds out and is dry-erase. </h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png" width="1200" height="1230.1465457083043" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1469,&quot;width&quot;:1433,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:214568,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/200324677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CZar!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab98ce49-186d-471e-9122-2d6042fb3e3b_1433x1469.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>Each page with a dry-erase flap as illustrated above and below will be used in two ways.</strong> </h4><blockquote><p><strong><mark data-color="#cfe2f3" style="background-color: rgb(207, 226, 243); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Primary Use:</mark> To complete a step of the bedtime routine. One neat aspect is that the order and type of bedtime step is personalized to the family and what would best for each night. </strong></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png" width="1200" height="885.3556485355649" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yaQf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa20d4862-6403-4425-a511-6985b498e170_1434x1058.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Flap on right page of book is closed.</figcaption></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png" width="1200" height="887.4651810584958" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aft1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff7381bab-450d-4250-a7e6-4d0dc864f88c_1436x1062.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Flap on the right page of book is open, and it is a drawing of the bedtime step of brushing teeth. </figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><p><strong><mark data-color="#c9daf8" style="background-color: rgb(201, 218, 248); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Secondary Use: </mark>Sometimes a dry-erase book flap reveals something fun to do for a short period of time (e.g., 3 minutes) instead of a step in the bedtime routine. In other words, we want parents to build in unpredictable fun moments such that when their child turns the flap, they may get to return to some of the fun stuff. In this case, shooting a bit more on the Little Tikes basketball hoop in the basement. </strong></p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png" width="1200" height="883.2869080779944" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1057,&quot;width&quot;:1436,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:2268436,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/200324677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!y1Br!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61e8de88-8ace-48d7-808f-bc8d8c99ce35_1436x1057.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>If you think this is neat and what to support us with your attention, please subscribe to our newsletter (i.e., this substack).</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h4>Embedding dry-erase flaps throughout the book allows parents to avoid <mark data-color="#fce5cd" style="background-color: rgb(252, 229, 205); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The Bedtime Cliff</mark>, during which there can be a stark shift for fun to little fun when the bedtime routine starts.</h4><p>We want to avoid shifting from a period of love and interaction during playtime to completing the less desirable steps associated with the bedtime routine. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png" width="1200" height="667.5824175824176" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:810,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:738263,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/200324677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g5vu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb723721-ca2a-495a-9fdb-4823fbe20596_1476x821.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>Instead, we are working to create within Sleepy Star a more gentle and peaceful way to complete the bedtime routine. That is, to avoid the Bedtime Cliff, we are building the<mark data-color="#cfe2f3" style="background-color: rgb(207, 226, 243); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </mark><mark data-color="#f4cccc" style="background-color: rgb(244, 204, 204); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Distributed Path</mark>. That is, distributed completion of the bedtime steps throughout the book.</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:820,&quot;width&quot;:1437,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:447767,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/200324677?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aNUz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a64e8a0-c5ae-4d1d-be54-c0ff73b5e013_1437x820.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Derek and I will share more about how we embedded multiple evidence-based tactics within this children&#8217;s book. Please keep reading. </p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Atomic Parenting! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/distributed-embedded-completion-of/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/distributed-embedded-completion-of/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Workshop in Creating with Claude Code in the Desktop App (for behavior analysts)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Three hours. You walk out knowing how to build a working tool yourself.]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/workshop-in-creating-with-claude</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/workshop-in-creating-with-claude</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 27 May 2026 20:10:44 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4Ys!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029674c8-c854-42e3-a65e-6185615e536c_1200x630.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://workshop-luczynski-reed.vercel.app/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Click Here to Learn More&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://workshop-luczynski-reed.vercel.app/"><span>Click Here to Learn More</span></a></p></div><p>Dr. Derek Reed and I have been meeting every week for the last eight months.<br><br>A good chunk of time goes to demoing what we have built from scratch in plain language with Claude Code: documents, web applications, and other tools.<br><br>As we have talked to colleagues in behavior analysis, many are using AI to chat, discover information, and learn. Not enough are using it to create documents and tools that enhance their personal and professional interests. We put together a three-hour introductory workshop. We want to help people in the field of behavior analysis get started with tools that let you interact with documents on your computer and create new ones from scratch, by simply talking through what you want.<br><br><strong>Tuesday, June 16, 2026, from 12pm to 3:00pm Eastern (11-2 Central, 10 to 1 Mountain, and 9 to 12 Pacific).<br></strong><br>This first workshop is geared toward Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs), Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs), faculty, and graduate students.<br><br>$48 for the founding cohort. 30 seats.<br><br>There are no CEUs for this workshop. We will not teach ethics. <br><br>If you are already creating documents and tools from scratch with AI, this workshop is not for you.<br><br>We will not be discussing special prompting techniques or special folder organizations. Just iterating with Claude Code Desktop until you like the tool or document you have created.<br><br>Please check out this page to learn more and register: </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://workshop-luczynski-reed.vercel.app/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Learn More &amp; Register&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://workshop-luczynski-reed.vercel.app/"><span>Learn More &amp; Register</span></a></p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g4Ys!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F029674c8-c854-42e3-a65e-6185615e536c_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnYx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa51c3934-fd39-47d2-ba28-72656e62394e_1385x809.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnYx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa51c3934-fd39-47d2-ba28-72656e62394e_1385x809.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnYx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa51c3934-fd39-47d2-ba28-72656e62394e_1385x809.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LnYx!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa51c3934-fd39-47d2-ba28-72656e62394e_1385x809.png" width="1200" height="700.9386281588447" 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stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png" width="1200" height="2179.061371841155" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OPVe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1abd5493-61d7-4def-97d8-dd50aec83afd_1385x2515.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A final note: I have spent around $3,000 on half-day and full-day workshops covering how to create with AI. To my disappointment, typically about a third of the time has been used to simply help attendees get properly setup for the workshop. As such, you cannot register for our workshop until you confirm that you have the basic setup intact. A task analysis of how to accomplish this for Windows and Mac computers is detailed in the link above. If it is not working, immediately reach out to me for additional assistance.</p><p>Best,</p><p>Kevin and Derek</p><p>PS., As a personal use case, I wanted to understand the different ways to measure the contributions of a basketball player to a team&#8217;s performance. To start, I wanted to learn about how the different iterations of the Plus-Minus Metric as a measure of player performance have changed over the years. So, I attempted to build a visual tutorial. Check it out here: </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><a href="https://plus-minus-basketball.vercel.app/">https://plus-minus-basketball.vercel.app/</a></p></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Atomic Parenting! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Do You Know How Common Pediatric Bedtime Routines Are Across Cultures and the World? [I didn't]]]></title><description><![CDATA[Bedtime Routines: Prevalence]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/do-you-know-how-common-pediatric</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/do-you-know-how-common-pediatric</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 14:35:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>Editor&#8217;s Note:</strong> I co-authored &#8220;Pediatric Sleep: A Behavioral Account&#8221; with Dr. Nicole Rodriguez for the second edition of Madden and DiGennaro-Reed&#8217;s APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis (in press), and I am writing Sleepy Star (in development), a children&#8217;s book as as bedtime aid for parents, with Dr. Derek Reed. Between the chapter, the book, and my clinical work with families, I have been been reading scientific articles and popular-press pieces about pediatric sleep. Some of these posts re-imagine data from published studies into graphical depictions to tell the same story in a different way. </em></p><p>I was born in the southwest suburbs of Chicago to second-generation parents from Germany and Poland. Based on my experience, I thought everybody had consistent bedtime routines and bedtimes. If you had asked me whether a hundred other families had bedtime routines, I would have confidently answered in the affirmative without hesitation. As a consultant who provides personalized services to families and contributes to the literature on the assessment and treatment of pediatric sleep concerns, I had no idea of the extent to which bedtime routines are common in North America, or whether bedtime routines are similar across cultures and geography (i.e., the world).</p><p>I found several studies and reimagined graphical depictions of their data to tell a visual story of the prevalence of bedtime routines.</p><p>As a reminder, I have mostly read and participated in research related to the assessment and treatment of problems at the level of individual families and children. I am less familiar with studies capturing global aspects of sleep, such as the prevalence of bedtime routines. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png" width="1200" height="1050.3574265289913" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1102,&quot;width&quot;:1259,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:120101,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/197796662?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uL_E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff587ee0a-614d-4fad-81df-fc4732835847_1259x1102.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Above are data from Mindell et al. (2010), which were gathered through the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire from 29,287 parents of infants and toddlers (ages 0 to 36 months) across 17 countries.</p><p>Sorted from highest to lowest, the prevalence ranged from 82% in New Zealand to 40% in India. Said differently, in some countries roughly four out of five families reported a consistent bedtime routine, and, in others, only two out of five did. That reflects a 42-percentage-point spread within a single age range and a single survey item.</p><p>The three highest-prevalence predominantly Caucasian countries (New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Australia) clustered at the top, all above 75%. Thailand and Vietnam came in at 71%, ahead of Canada and the United States. East Asia was split; Japan and Hong Kong sat at 73%, whereas Korea and Taiwan sat in the mid-60s and low-60s. Furthermore, India sat more than 40 percentage points below New Zealand, which was the largest within-study gap in this set of countries.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png" width="1200" height="948.169014084507" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1122,&quot;width&quot;:1420,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:144556,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/197796662?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OE_D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa68f936b-0dbe-4871-84dc-a6607b1cc833_1420x1122.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Read 2010 and 2013 side-by-side carefully. 2010 used a stricter bar (more than 4 nights/week, i.e. 5+) for infants and toddlers. 2013 used the loosest possible bar (any frequency) for preschoolers. The two numbers were not directly comparable.</em></p><p>Above are data from Mindell et al. (2013), which were gathered through a parent-report questionnaire from 2,590 preschoolers (ages 3 to 6) across 13 countries. Australia and New Zealand were combined within one cell in the original paper.</p><p>Sorted from highest to lowest, the prevalence ranged from 92% in the United Kingdom to 51% in Thailand. Said differently, in some countries roughly nine out of ten families reported any bedtime routine, and in others only about half did. </p><p>A few things to note. The threshold here was looser than Chart 1; any frequency of at least one night per week counted as &#8216;has a routine,&#8217; so the prevalence numbers were higher overall. The four predominantly Caucasian rows (UK, Australia / New Zealand, Canada, United States) sat at the top, all between 82% and 92%; Japan, Hong Kong, and Singapore clustered next at 79% to 81%. China, Korea, India, and Thailand sat at the bottom, all below 61%. The largest single drop in this chart fell between Singapore at 79% and the Philippines at 65%, a 14.5-point gap.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png" width="1200" height="602.4725274725274" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:731,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:160065,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/197796662?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jlhm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F60b2be51-e0a1-4d9a-ac6b-afef1e37b1fd_1510x758.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><strong>PA / PC values were from Mindell et al. (2010), Table 4; verified primary source.</strong> The ME value was from Mindell, Lee &amp; Sadeh (2017), Sleep Medicine 32, 75&#8211;82, Table 2 (n = 669 infants &amp; toddlers from 13 named Arabic-speaking countries plus a smaller pooled &#8220;other Arab countries&#8221; group; mean child age 15.9 mo). The 2017 paper reported its own PA/PC re-comparison values that appeared to swap PA and PC in the bedtime-routine row; we use Mindell 2010&#8217;s verified values for those rows. Mindell 2017 was funded by Johnson &amp; Johnson; the 2010 paper had the same sponsor.</em></p><p>Above are data from Mindell et al. (2010) for the Predominantly Asian and Predominantly Caucasian pools, and from Mindell et al. (2017) for the Middle East pool. They used the same BISQ instrument, same &gt;4 nights per week threshold, same lab. The infant and toddler sample across all three pools combined totaled 29,956.</p><p>The three regional pools landed at 71% (Predominantly Asian, n = 21,327), 61% (Predominantly Caucasian, n = 7,960), and 47% (Middle East, n = 669). Said differently, the Asian pool was about 24 percentage points higher than the Middle East pool, and the Caucasian pool sat in between. The Predominantly Asian and Predominantly Caucasian values came from the same paper as Chart 1; the Middle East value was added in the 2017 paper.</p><p>The Predominantly Caucasian pool of 61% sat below the top of Chart 1, where the three highest-prevalence countries in that pool (New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Australia) all sat above 75%; the pool also included the United States (66%) and Canada (69%), which came in lower. The Middle East pool combined 13 named Arabic-speaking countries plus a smaller pooled &#8216;other Arab countries&#8217; group; mean child age was 15.9 months.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>Take-home-point for practice</strong></h4><ol><li><p><strong>Develop a culturally sensitive perception and intervention approach.</strong> For instance, across these 17 countries, &#8220;normal sleep&#8221; looked very different. A clinician&#8217;s default plan as a starting point should be responsive to what the family considers normal, not the other way around.</p></li></ol></blockquote><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Atomic Parenting! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/do-you-know-how-common-pediatric/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/do-you-know-how-common-pediatric/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Building HTML Tools to Enhance the Joy and Use of Data-Collection Sheets in Schools]]></title><description><![CDATA[Field Testing Tools]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/building-html-tools-to-enhance-the</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/building-html-tools-to-enhance-the</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 18:56:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;122f23f9-5de6-4e76-a614-419782120c9c&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><p>I work directly with students receiving special education services and their teachers on the Universal Life Skills program, which is geared toward empowering students with skills that prevent and address interfering behavior.<br><br>This year I have had the pleasure of working with 5 classrooms on a weekly basis in Watertown, MA., all remotely with bug-in-ear (ear buds) support. It has been awesome, and I have learned much from this experience.<br><br>For data collection on measuring student learning, classrooms made progress across different skills at their own pace. This meant different skills targeted at different times in different classrooms, and, sometimes, we skipped certain skills. <br><br>This led to many different versions of data-collection sheets for printing out and recording student performance.<br><br>I built 3 HTML tools from which specific skills can be selected and a corresponding data-sheet will be generated. Moreover, I made three different ways to collect the same data, which allows each classroom to choose the version they prefer. These tools were inspired by the teachers' suggestions at Hosmer Connections Program.</p><p>One main point is that anyone with a HTML generating tool can create personalized software (Yes, you need to use the best models and probably know how to use Claude Code or Codex, as examples). And yes, this is &#8220;vibe coded,&#8221; and it lives on your computer as an HTML file (it is not hosted on a database on the internet). That noted: It works, and you can continue to customize for the tool for any data-collection sheet you need for your students and classroom.<br></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png" width="1200" height="900" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:900,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:110611,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/197561090?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2mti!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8a50065c-cf67-4453-8389-d004509a414d_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgUN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37e20edd-3877-4184-97e7-388b55d41999_1200x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgUN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37e20edd-3877-4184-97e7-388b55d41999_1200x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgUN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37e20edd-3877-4184-97e7-388b55d41999_1200x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MgUN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F37e20edd-3877-4184-97e7-388b55d41999_1200x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://uls-curriculum-preview.vercel.app/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Universal Life Skills Preview Here&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://uls-curriculum-preview.vercel.app/"><span>Universal Life Skills Preview Here</span></a></p><p><br>Best,<br><br>Dr. L</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Atomic Parenting! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Within China, Where Your Child Lives Shapes When They Sleep]]></title><description><![CDATA[Wu et al. (2018) &#183; Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine - A population-based study of 1,610 Chinese preschoolers across 10 cities.]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 16:39:14 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>As a behavioral scientist, I read pediatric sleep research to better understand what factors can influence sleep. I am reading articles beyond those related to assessment and treatment. The Wu et al. (2018) paper caught my attention due to sleeping differences between regions captured within the same country. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:853,&quot;width&quot;:1145,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:172716,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196675166?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AO5J!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F68715bf4-85a8-45d3-bd8a-9113f3f07299_1145x853.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In a <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/atomicparenting/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric?r=s8ez&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">previous post</a>, I looked at how pediatric sleep varies across countries (Mindell et al., 2010, 2013). In this post, I look at how those differences show up within one country.</p><p>Within China, what counts as a typical bedtime, wake time, and amount of sleep shifts by nearly an hour from one region to another. As such, it is important to talk with each family about what is typical for their region, not the national average.</p><p>A 4.5-year-old in China wakes at 7:30 AM. In one province, that is among the earliest wake times in her class. In another, it is among the latest. Both children live on the same Beijing clock and follow the same national sleep recommendations.</p><p>In eastern China, 16.9% of preschoolers slept less than the 10-hour minimum. In western China, 9.3% did not meet the same criterion. Same country, same threshold, nearly twice the rate of insufficient sleep in one region.</p><p>Wu et al. (2018) collected parent reports on 1,610 Chinese preschoolers, ages 3 to 6, across 10 cities, from November 2012 through January 2013. They split the sample by time zone: 1,201 children in eastern China (UTC+8, on Beijing time, the wealthier eastern coast including Shanghai and Beijing) and 409 children in western China (UTC+7 and UTC+6, including Xinjiang and Tibet). Sleep variables were measured using questions adapted from the Children&#8217;s Sleep Habits Questionnaire.</p><p>The five figures below were built from data tables in the Wu paper. These exact figures do not appear in the source paper.</p><p>In the United States and across much of the Western literature, lower-income neighborhoods are associated with shorter sleep in children. In China, the wealthier and more developed eastern provinces are the ones whose children sleep less. Wu et al. speculated that evening academic tutoring, screen time, and competition for primary-school admission were associated with the differences across regions.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png" width="1200" height="707.7844311377246" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:788,&quot;width&quot;:1336,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:112551,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196675166?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dXyS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2fce5cb4-2618-4873-976c-7564ed50fc14_1336x788.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the figure above represent the mean bedtime, in Beijing clock time, on weeknights, by region and age. Children in eastern China went to bed about 20 minutes earlier than children in western China across the four ages, and the spread of bedtimes within each region (the whiskers) overlapped considerably. The bedtime gap was small but consistent.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png" width="1200" height="677.4774774774775" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:752,&quot;width&quot;:1332,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:92660,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196675166?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!P5V3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2072801c-a870-4151-96c8-37729b365d42_1332x752.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the figure above represent the average wake time, in Beijing clock time, on weekday mornings, by region and age. The wake-time gap was much larger than the bedtime gap. Children in eastern China awoke about 40 minutes earlier than children in western China, and within each region the spread was reasonably tight, around 28 minutes on either side of the mean. In standardized terms (Cohen's <em>d</em> = 1.24), this is the largest within-country effect Wu et al. report.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png" width="1200" height="604.4910179640718" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:673,&quot;width&quot;:1336,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:75367,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196675166?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hazW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c9b138b-6b5c-4765-9dce-6d93944ea501_1336x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the figure above show each region's full weekday sleep window, age by age, on a single 24-hour clock. The eastern-China band sits earlier; the western-China band sits later. The two bedtimes are close, but the wake times are clearly displaced. Across the four ages, the east-to-west gap within China was consistent.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png" width="1200" height="879.76011994003" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:978,&quot;width&quot;:1334,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:125225,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196675166?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z1Or!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a7f6551-4627-41f2-943a-32ef007a91b3_1334x978.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the figure above represent how many minutes later children went to bed and woke up on weekends than on weekdays, by region and age. Both regions showed a delayed bedtime and wake time; western China slides further at both ends. The wake delay in western China (the dashed orange line) sits at the top of the chart at every age, with the bedtime delay in western China just below it. The wake delay and bedtime delay in eastern China sit clustered together at the bottom. The western-China lines stay roughly 10 to 30 minutes above the eastern-China lines across the full four-year age range.</p><p>Wu et al. attributed the shortfall in sleep in eastern China to a specific stack of evening pressures, in their words (pp. 537&#8211;538):</p><blockquote><p><strong>"For example, children in eastern China are more likely to participate in mathematics tutoring, piano lessons, and other extracurricular activities at night in order to gain entry to a better primary school. Digital technology use is more popular among children in eastern China." </strong>Wu et al., 2018, p. 538</p></blockquote><p>From a behavioral perspective, the question is what fills the evening in each region. Children in eastern China are not sleeping as much due to their delayed bedtime. Math tutoring, piano lessons, and screen time may push the bedtime hour later in the wealthier provinces. Children in western China, whose families face less competitive primary-school pressure, more often have earlier bedtimes</p><p>Wu et al. closed their paper with a recommendation for parents and policy:</p><blockquote><p><strong>"It is recommended that parents in China allow and support their children to get enough sleep according to the recommended NSF sleep time through the maintenance of a stable sleep pattern throughout the week, in order to avoid misalignment." </strong>Wu et al., 2018, p. 539</p></blockquote><p>What counts as early or late, and what counts as enough sleep, depends on where in China a child lives, how far local solar time runs from Beijing time, and what evening practices are common in their region. Every conversation about a child&#8217;s sleep should begin with the family&#8217;s actual bedtime, wake time, and the activities that fill their evenings. The national average is a reference point, not the schedule the child experiences each night.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/within-china-where-your-child-lives/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><h2><strong>References</strong></h2><p>Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O&#8217;Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., &amp; Adams Hillard, P. J. (2015). National Sleep Foundation&#8217;s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. <em>Sleep Health, 1</em>(1), 40&#8211;43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010</p><p>Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Wiegand, B., How, T. H., &amp; Goh, D. Y. T. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in infant and toddler sleep. <em>Sleep Medicine, 11</em>(3), 274&#8211;280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.04.012</p><p>Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Kwon, R., &amp; Goh, D. Y. T. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children. <em>Sleep Medicine, 14</em>(12), 1283&#8211;1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002</p><p>Paruthi, S., Brooks, L. J., D&#8217;Ambrosio, C., Hall, W. A., Kotagal, S., Lloyd, R. M., Malow, B. A., Maski, K., Nichols, C., Quan, S. F., Rosen, C. L., Troester, M. M., &amp; Wise, M. S. (2016). Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. <em>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 12</em>(6), 785&#8211;786. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.5866</p><p>Wu, R., Wang, G.-H., Zhu, H., Jiang, F., &amp; Jiang, C.-L. (2018). Sleep patterns in Chinese preschool children: A population-based study. <em>Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 14</em>(4), 533&#8211;540. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7038</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Cultural Differences in Pediatric Sleep Between Predominantly Asian and Predominantly Caucasian Countries (Birth to 6)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Two Notable Co-Authored Studies by Jodi Mindell and Colleagues]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 16:13:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>Editor&#8217;s Note:</strong> I co-authored &#8220;Pediatric Sleep: A Behavioral Account&#8221; with Dr. Nicole Rodriguez for the second edition of Madden and DiGennaro-Reed&#8217;s APA Handbook of Behavior Analysis (in press), and I am writing Sleepy Star (in development) with Dr. Derek Reed, which is a children&#8217;s book as a bedtime aid for parents. Between the chapter, the book, and my clinical work with families, I have been reading scientific articles and popular-press pieces about pediatric sleep. Some of these posts re-imagine data from published studies by creating new graphical depictions to tell the data-based stories.</em></p><p><em>We are using substack as a way to reach people through email so we are not beholden to algorithmic changes on any social-media platform. Please subscribe. </em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>A four-year-old sleeps in their parents&#8217; bed. Is that a sleep concern? It is essential that we talk with each family because there are notable cultural differences in where children sleep, when they go to bed, when they wake up, and if they nap.</p><p>In the United States, about three-quarters of preschoolers sleep in their own room. In China, fewer than 7% do (Mindell et al., 2013).</p><p>In a <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/atomicparenting/p/how-much-children-sleep-based-on?r=s8ez&amp;utm_campaign=post-expanded-share&amp;utm_medium=web">previous post</a>, I looked at parent-reported sleep durations of children across four countries (Iglowstein and colleagues, 2003, Switzerland; Schlarb and colleagues, 2015, Germany; Cespedes and colleagues, 2014, USA; Li and colleagues, 2013, China). Children&#8217;s total sleep durations varied considerably depending on where the children were raised.</p><p>In this post, I am looking at the larger cross-cultural sleep surveys. The two papers led by Dr. Jodi Mindell and colleagues (2010, 2013) collected parent-reported sleep variables from 29,287 infants and toddlers (ages 0 to 36 months) across 17 countries, and from 2,590 preschoolers (ages 3 to 6 years) across 13 of those same countries. The two studies used the same questionnaire framework, which allowed us to look at different aspects of sleep across the first six years.</p><p>The four figures below were built from the data tables and graphs published in the two Mindell papers. I plotted values from both studies on the same axes so the developmental and cross-cultural patterns can be read across the first six years on the same page. The exact figures shown here do not appear in either source paper.</p><p>One reason these comparisons matter for clinical practice and for parents was stated by Mindell et al. (2006):</p><blockquote><p>&#8220;In addition, culturally-based values and beliefs regarding the meaning, importance, and role of sleep in daily life, as well as culturally-based differences in sleep practices (e.g., sleeping space and environment, solitary sleep vs. co-sleeping, use of transitional objects) have a profound effect not only on how a parent defines a sleep &#8216;problem&#8217; but on the relative acceptability of various treatment strategies.&#8221; Mindell et al., 2006, p. 1264</p></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png" width="1200" height="877.7472527472528" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1065,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:201883,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196442671?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-xY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F711516c7-d09d-4c87-8d62-d4e4622aa82f_1680x1229.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the figure above are from the two Mindell studies and are plotted across the first six years. The cross-cultural gap in total sleep was already present in infancy. Mindell et al. (2010) reported an aggregate difference of 0.71 hours, or about 43 minutes, between predominantly Caucasian and predominantly Asian infants and toddlers, with the predominantly Caucasian group sleeping more. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png" width="1200" height="1042.0830401125968" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1234,&quot;width&quot;:1421,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:200547,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196442671?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pz8B!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F167e626d-2541-4fac-bc1d-9ecc1b2da64f_1421x1234.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the above figure represent bedtimes for 17 countries at infant and toddler ages on the left column and 13 countries at preschool ages on the right column. Bedtimes varied across countries by almost 3 hours at both ages, but there were notable degrees of variability for each country. New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and Australia had the earliest group means at every age (before 8:00 PM). India and Hong Kong have the latest at both ages (after 10:00 PM); South Korea is among the latest at infant and toddler ages but slightly earlier at preschool age (about 9:55 PM). The country rankings, for the most part, remained stable from infancy through preschool.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png" width="1200" height="1064.8351648351647" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1292,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:179143,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196442671?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iiEa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2454b90d-7299-4f8a-a461-9b5f6e88da57_1478x1312.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the above figure represent the percentage of children who sleep in their own room across countries. This was the largest cross-cultural effect in either Mindell paper (effect size &#966; = .70 in the 2013 paper). In countries grouped as predominantly Caucasian, most children slept in their own room from infancy onward. In countries grouped as predominantly Asian, the percentage of families for which a child slept in their own-room remained low at both age groups and remained in single digits in several countries through age 6. As such, what counts as "on track" for sleeping in their own room is a cultural question more than a developmental one. This is critical as we work with families and schools on improving pediatric sleep. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png" width="1200" height="1174.7013352073086" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1393,&quot;width&quot;:1423,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:234364,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/196442671?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e3BY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F975dcac4-958c-464a-8141-0e3ba266d731_1423x1393.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Data in the above figure represent the percentage of parents reporting a consistent bedtime routine on most nights. The two papers used different thresholds (Mindell et al., 2010 used &#8220;more than 4 nights per week&#8221; and Mindell et al., 2013 used &#8220;3 or more nights per week&#8221;). Countries grouped as predominantly Caucasian reported consistent routines at higher percentages than countries grouped as predominantly Asian.</p><p>Where a child sleeps and when a child goes to bed differ across the world. What looks like a problem in one country is a cultural expectation in another one. This is why every discussion about a potential sleep concern requires listening to what is valued by the family at the start and throughout the assessment and treatment process. </p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Thanks for reading Atomic Parenting! This post is public so feel free to share it.</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><h2><strong>References</strong></h2><p>Mindell, J. A., Kuhn, B., Lewin, D. S., Meltzer, L. J., &amp; Sadeh, A. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. <em>Sleep, 29</em>(10), 1263&#8211;1276. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.10.1263</p><p>Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Wiegand, B., How, T. H., &amp; Goh, D. Y. T. (2010). Cross-cultural differences in infant and toddler sleep. Sleep Medicine, 11(3), 274&#8211;280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.04.012</p><p>Mindell, J. A., Sadeh, A., Kwon, R., &amp; Goh, D. Y. T. (2013). Cross-cultural differences in the sleep of preschool children. Sleep Medicine, 14(12), 1283&#8211;1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.002</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/cultural-differences-in-pediatric/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[How Much Children Sleep Based on Parental Reports Across Four Countries]]></title><description><![CDATA[SLEEP SCIENCE: Pediatric sleep - awareness, assessment, and treatment]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/how-much-children-sleep-based-on</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/how-much-children-sleep-based-on</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 20:42:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>In clinical practice, I focus on applying practical assessment and intervention approaches. I will share my experiences on those in the future. For now, I am looking at what sleep looks like across cultures and countries.     <br><br>In a <a href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/what-surprised-me-when-977-parents?r=s8ez">previous post</a>, I re-graphed data from the National Sleep Foundation&#8217;s 2026 survey of North American families alongside sleep guidelines from the National Sleep Foundation and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. One implication for practice is that more awareness of the recommended total sleep durations is warranted, which could inform the timing of children&#8217;s bedtime. You can toggle on and off the different studies in the visual <a href="https://two-expert-panels.vercel.app/">here</a>.</p><p>As I have continued to look at research on sleep timing and duration of children, I noticed parent-reported sleep durations published by research teams from different countries. I was interested in studies that provide fine-grained, parent-reported sleep duration data in 1-year or 1.5-year intervals rather than aggregating across wide age bands (e.g., 3 to 5 year olds, 6 to 13 year olds). Below is a visual I created comparing data from four studies of families in the USA, Switzerland, Germany, and China. </p><p>You can toggle off and on the mean data from each country as well as the variability bands in the <a href="https://four-country.vercel.app">interactive graphical depiction here</a>. </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p>Please remember these data are reported by parents. These data do not capture how much children are sleeping based on objective measures and how much children <strong>should be</strong> sleeping.</p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png" width="1200" height="1051.8918918918919" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:973,&quot;width&quot;:1110,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:160683,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/194102039?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mLXb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17fd38f3-fa24-49f9-ab6b-841c91ebab10_1110x973.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Above are data from Iglowstein and colleagues (2003; Switzerland) and Schlarb and colleagues (2015; Germany). The lines represent means; the bands represent the 25th to 75th percentile (50% of children). Swiss children slept 30 to 50 min longer than German children from about age 1 to age 6. The Iglowstein et al. cohorts were born between 1974 and 1993, which is 10 to 30 years before the other three studies collected their data. It is plausible that the sleep durations of Swiss children have decreased since the study was conducted, which would be consistent with a trend of later bedtimes and relatively unchanged wake times observed across the Swiss cohorts in the Iglowstein study.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png" width="1200" height="1069.260700389105" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1145,&quot;width&quot;:1285,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:228255,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/194102039?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J1S2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4dd38e55-940d-485d-a46d-3c6bc59eee94_1285x1145.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Above are additional data from a Massachusetts (USA) cohort and Chinese families as obtained by Cespedes and colleagues (2014) and Li and colleagues (2013), respectively. On average, North American children slept less than German and Swiss children. Children in China slept the least for older age ranges. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png" width="1200" height="663.8036809815951" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:541,&quot;width&quot;:978,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:87045,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/194102039?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yRJi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda8b9eeb-e61a-42f1-bb0a-dde246100949_978x541.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The graph above shows pairwise differences between countries at each age. For example, German children slept more than American children across all overlapping ages, as indicated by the blue data points in the bottom left panel.</p><p>These data are descriptive, and there are differences in when and how these data were obtained. How much children sleep varies considerably depending on where and when children are raised. Cultural practices around bedtime (e.g., finishing academic work, later mealtimes, screen use near bedtime) and wake times likely contribute to these differences. This will be explored more in the future.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/how-much-children-sleep-based-on?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/how-much-children-sleep-based-on?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Hwu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67a4c29b-bd4b-4620-b41c-623a4bde8898_1102x581.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Hwu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67a4c29b-bd4b-4620-b41c-623a4bde8898_1102x581.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Hwu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67a4c29b-bd4b-4620-b41c-623a4bde8898_1102x581.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Hwu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67a4c29b-bd4b-4620-b41c-623a4bde8898_1102x581.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_Hwu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67a4c29b-bd4b-4620-b41c-623a4bde8898_1102x581.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[What Surprised Me When 977 Parents Were Asked About Sleep in September 2025]]></title><description><![CDATA[Pediatric Sleep Science - In 2015, two expert panels reviewed over 1,000 studies to set children's sleep guidelines. A decade later, most parents still do not know the numbers.]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/what-surprised-me-when-977-parents</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/what-surprised-me-when-977-parents</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2026 16:57:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em><strong>Editor&#8217;s Note:</strong> Most research in this series comes from scientific papers that may not reach parents, teachers, and behavioral health providers. I look through articles and use large language models to help extract values from tables, figures, and supplemental documents to create visuals. As such, you likey will not find the exact graphs below in the original articles. When values had to be read from figures rather than tables, I used WebPlotDigitizer to extract the values. The original sources are cited below every graph so you can check the data yourself. If you spot an error, let me know.</em></p><p>If you prefer to view the following content as a visual scrolling story, click <a href="https://visual.atomicparenting.com/nsf-2026-scrollytelling.html">here</a>. </p><h5>The Study -  National Sleep Foundation. (2026). <em><a href="https://www.thensf.org/half-of-u-s-children-dont-get-enough-sleep/">Sleep in America Poll: A focus on America&#8217;s youngest sleepers</a></em></h5><p>The National Sleep Foundation has conducted the Sleep in America Poll since 1991, with each edition focusing on a different theme (e.g., teens, technology). In 2004, The National Sleep Foundation surveyed parents of children up to age 10. The 2026 edition returned to children and families, covering ages 0 to 13.</p><p>The NSF surveyed 977 parents and caregivers in English and Spanish around September 2025. The sample included 53% biological mothers, 33% biological fathers, and 14% other caregivers (i.e., step-parents, grandparents, aunts, and uncles). The children are represented four age groups: 206 under 1 year old, 320 ages 1 to 2, 207 ages 3 to 5, and 244 ages 6 to 13.</p><p>All of these data are based on parent report. Parents are not always in the room when a child falls asleep, and they are not there when the child wakes at night without making enough noise to alert them. Every number in this poll reflects a subjective estimate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png" width="1213" height="686" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:686,&quot;width&quot;:1213,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:112897,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/193074890?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i1pm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5dcf66ab-dbea-4925-a248-ae39bbaf4b70_1213x686.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h5>The Commonly Referenced Standards for Sleep Durations</h5><p>In 2015 and 2016, two independent organizations reviewed the evidence as perceived by sleep experts. The National Sleep Foundation convened 18 experts who reviewed 312 studies. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine assembled 13 experts who reviewed 864 studies. Three of five shared age groups got identical ranges<strong>.</strong> Where they differed, the gap was one hour.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png" width="1266" height="960" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:960,&quot;width&quot;:1266,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:141229,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/193074890?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kdbs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F12b3e606-5858-4c2b-9d85-47f76a608bc9_1266x960.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The National Sleep Foundation&#8217;s 2026 survey data used the Hirshkowitz and colleagues (2015) ranges as the benchmark when they surveyed 977 parents. They asked: How much sleep does your child need? <strong>At every age group, the average parent estimate fell below the recommended range.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png" width="1144" height="837" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:837,&quot;width&quot;:1144,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:131899,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/193074890?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QACf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F63f304f0-ec13-41f9-a5c3-ef018235c08c_1144x837.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Because parents are not familiar with the recommended sleep ranges, it may be one factor leading to children not meeting the age-based sleep recommendations.  </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png" width="1041" height="633" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:633,&quot;width&quot;:1041,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:77381,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/i/193074890?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PySa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c47e3a-e75f-40ee-9473-06d5a1746e38_1041x633.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h5>In Addition to Parents Underestimating How Much Sleep is Needed, Parents Overestimate their Child&#8217;s Sleep when Compared to Objective Measures (i.e., actigraphy). </h5><p>From Prokasky and colleagues (2019), parents overestimate how much their young child sleeps. When 185 toddlers wore wrist actigraphy devices for two weeks, parents overestimated their child's sleep by 2 hours and 10 minutes per night.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png" width="725.1979370117188" height="351.5739998688569" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nU8i!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a2fbcee-5d94-4156-af55-d837ed39251a_1184x574.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/what-surprised-me-when-977-parents/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/what-surprised-me-when-977-parents/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share Atomic Parenting&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share Atomic Parenting</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Profit & Loss Calculator for Independently Publishing a Hardcover Children's Book]]></title><description><![CDATA[THE SLEEPY STARS BOOK PUBLISHING JOURNEY - A children&#8217;s book for better bedtimes]]></description><link>https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/profit-and-loss-calculator-for-independently</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/profit-and-loss-calculator-for-independently</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Luczynski]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 14:55:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3cQN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1df3cdf3-bc1f-4f4b-973e-35a0fadc8787_1580x557.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the near future, Dr. Gregory Madden and Dr. Florence DiGennaro-Reed will publish the second edition of the <em>APA Handbook for Behavior Analysis</em>.</p><p>I had the rare opportunity to write a chapter with my wife, Dr. Nicole Rodriguez, on <em>Pediatric Sleep: A Behavioral Account</em>.</p><p>While writing, Dr. Derek Reed suggested we co-author and independently publish a children&#8217;s book to support parents. A bedtime book that could help parents peacefully complete the bedtime routine and initiate sleep in the desired location without extensive negotiation seemed to fit the mission.</p><p>So, we have been deep in designing and crafting a children&#8217;s book that has several evidence-based strategies built into the book itself. We have not found another children&#8217;s book that takes this approach, which requires specialty printed features.</p><p>We have partnered with <a href="https://melindamartin.me/about/">Melinda Martin</a> as our publishing consultant and editor (and all-around solution finder). She has been a perfect it. Three weeks ago we officially partnered with the illustrator, <a href="https://www.instagram.com/gwillustration/">Gary Wilkinson</a>, to bring <strong>Sleepy Star: Bedtime by the Book</strong> to life.</p><p>One of the first steps for Derek and myself was to try to make some sense of the economics of our decision to independently publish a self-help tool for parents as a children&#8217;s book.</p><p>In response, we built a calculator in an attempt to predict cost, revenue, and profit. We built ways to toggle the type of sales channel (e.g., Direct, Amazon, Distributor, etc.) and fulfillment provider (e.g., Amazon MCF, Acutrack, Fulfillrite, etc.). In addition, we attempted to take into account all the expenses associated with the initial costs of creating the book and costs as more books are printed and sold. </p><p>We know there are likely errors in the calculator, and it was built around the idea of an 8 by 8 hardcover children&#8217;s book. </p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe now&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?"><span>Subscribe now</span></a></p><p>I have been inspired by people who talk about the journey of publishing while trying to help people, such as Jonathan Goodman, Alex Wiechowski, Ben Putano, and Paul Millerd. As such, we created a generic version of the calculator in case it could help anyone else in a similar position.</p><p>Here is a link to the <a href="https://visual.atomicparenting.com/book-calculator.html">Book Calculator</a> on the web. </p><p>If you find value in it or want to make modifications, here is a <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/t/vW1SSaTsm9azk7Uj">link to download the HTML file here.</a></p><p></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1df3cdf3-bc1f-4f4b-973e-35a0fadc8787_1580x557.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1df3cdf3-bc1f-4f4b-973e-35a0fadc8787_1580x557.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><br>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;</p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c241d4bb-50e1-4c4b-8918-1c99494e06b8_874x467.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c241d4bb-50e1-4c4b-8918-1c99494e06b8_874x467.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f3ec1564-2639-42e2-a0d7-30d33c26370b_765x656.png&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f3ec1564-2639-42e2-a0d7-30d33c26370b_765x656.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><br>I am Dr. Kevin Luczynski, a behavioral scientist helping families with sleep and challenging behavior. Co-authoring Sleepy Star: Bedtime by the Book with Dr. Derek Reed. Equal parts bedtime story and bedtime tool for parents &#8212; one book that handles the routine, the goodnight, and staying in bed. Follow our journey of directly publishing this book &#8212; plus notes on sleep science and behavioral parenting &#8212; by subscribing to Atomic Parenting on Substack.</p><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/profit-and-loss-calculator-for-independently/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.atomicparenting.com/p/profit-and-loss-calculator-for-independently/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>